SAP ABAP Interview Questions

Q.1 How to create client independent tables? 

client independent tables:
the table in which the first field is not mandt is the client independent tables
mandt is the field with mandt as the data element
automatically client which we login is populated to mandt

Q.2 What type of user exits have you written? 

There are four types:
1.function exit
2.menu exit
3.screen exit.
4.field exit. 

Q.3 How can you debug a script form?

SE71 -> give the form name -> utilities -> activate debugger 

Q.4 How do we debug sapscript? 

First we need to put Break point in Print program where ever you want to stop the execution. 
After in SE71 give your form name and go to Utilities-->Active De-bugger. 
Then go to your transaction like VF03(for Invoice or Credit memo) etc to see the print preview or print the form execute it. 
When you execute it the the form Debugging will get activated and you can see your Form execution step by step.

SAP ABAP Interview Question

Q.1 What is difference between dialog program and a report? 

Report is a executable program 
Dialog is a module pool program.It has to be executed via a transaction only. 
Dialog programming is used for customization of screens

Q.2 How do you connect to the remote server if you are working from the office for the client in remote place?

WAS web application server or ITS are generally used for this purpose. If you are sitting at your office with a server which is in the system and the other server is at the clients place you can generate IDOC, intermediate documents which carry the data you want to transfer or the documents you want to transfer, these IDOC are interpreted by the system at the receiving end with the message class with which it is bound with. If you want to log on a system which is very distant..then remote login can be used this depends on the internet speed.

Q.3 Explain about roll area , Dispatcher, ABAP-Processor. 

Answer 1: 
Roll area is nothing but memory allocated by work process. It holds the information needed by R/3 about programs execution such as value of the variables. 
Dispatcher: All the requests that come from presentation server will be directed first to dispatcher. Further dispatcher sends this requests to work process on FIFO(First In and First Out) basis. 

Answer 2: 
Dispatcher receives the request from client and assigns the request to one of the work process. 

Roll area: Each work process works in a particular memory that memory is known as Role Area, which consists of User context and session data. 

ABAP- Processor :is an interpreter which can execute logic

Q.4 Which one is not an exit command ?
STOP.
Effect :The statement STOP is only to be used in executable programs 

EXIT.
Effect :If the EXIT statement is executed outside of a loop, it will immediately terminate the current processing block. 

BACK.
Effect : This statement positions the list cursor on the first position of the first line in a logical unit. 

So "Cancel" is not an exit command

SAP ABAP Interview Questions

Q.1 When do we use End-of-selection? 

End-of-selection event are mostly used  when we are writing HR-ABAP code. In the HR-ABAP code, data is retrieved in the Start-of-selection event and Printing on the list and all will be done in End-of-selection event.

Q.2 In events start-of-selection is default event. When we have to use this event explicitly? Why? 

The default event in the ABAP is Start-of-selection.We have to call explicitly this event when you are writing other than ths event , that is when you write AT SELECTION-SCREEN EVENTS OR INITIALIZATION EVENT etc,you have to explicitly mention the Start-of-selection event while you are writing the logic. 

Before these events called ,all the code you have written come into this default Start-of-selection screen event.

Q.3 Explain the differences between ABAP and OOABAP. In which situation we use OOABAP? 

OOABAP is used to develop BSP/PCUI applications and also anything involved object oriented like BADIs, SmartForms..etc.where as ABAP is used to develop traditional programs in R/3.

Q.4 What is table buffer? Explain type of tables used this buffer.

Buffer is nothing but a memory area. table is buffered means that table information is available on application server. when you call data from database table it will come from application server. 

SAP ABAP Interview Questions

Q.1 What are the components of SAP scripts?

 SAP scripts is a word processing tool of SAP which has the following components: Standard text. It is like a standard normal documents. Layout sets. - Layout set consists of the following components: Windows and pages, Paragraph formats, Character formats. Creating forms in the R/3 system. Every layout set consists of Header, paragraph, and character string. ABAP/4 program.

Q.2 What is CTS and what do you know about it? 

The Change and Transport System (CTS) is a tool that helps you to organize development projects in the ABAP Workbench and in Customizing, and then transport the changes between the SAP Systems and clients in your system landscape. This documentation provides you with an overview of how to manage changes with the CTS and essential information on setting up your system and client landscape and deciding on a transport strategy. Read and follow this documentation when planning your development project.

What are logical databases? What are the advantages/ dis-advantages of logical databases?
To read data from a database tables we use logical database. A logical database provides read-only access to a group of related tables to an ABAP/4 program. Advantages: i)check functions which check that user input is complete, correct,and plausible. ii)Meaningful data selection. iii)central authorization checks for database accesses. iv)good read access performance while retaining the hierarchical data view determined by the application logic. dis advantages: i)If you donot specify a logical database in the program attributes,the GET events never occur. ii)There is no ENDGET command,so the code block associated with an event ends with the next event statement (such as another GET or an END-OF-SELECTION).

Q.3 Name the events in ABAP/4 language.

Initialization, At selection-screen, Start-of-selection, end-of-selection, top-of-page, end-of-page, At line-selection, At user-command, At PF, Get, At New, At LAST, AT END, AT FIRST.

Q.4 What is a batch input session? 

BATCH INPUT SESSION is an intermediate step between internal table and database table. Data along with the action is stored in session i.e. data for screen fields, to which screen it is passed, program name behind it, and how next screen is processed.

Sap ABAP Interview Questions and Answers

Q.1 What is an ABAP?

ABAP (Advanced Business Application Programming) is a high level programming language created by the German software company SAP. It is currently positioned as the language for programming SAP's Web Application Server, part of its NetWeaver platform for building business applications. Its syntax is somewhat similar to COBOL.

What is an ABAP data dictionary?
ABAP 4 data dictionary describes the logical structures of the objects used in application development and shows how they are mapped to the underlying relational database in tables/views.

Q.2 What is foreign key relationship?

  A relationship which can be defined between tables and must be explicitly defined at field level. Foreign keys are used to ensure the consistency of data. Data entered should be checked against existing data to ensure that there are now contradiction. While defining foreign key relationship cardinality has to be specified. Cardinality mentions how many dependent records or how referenced records are possible.

Describe data classes.
Master data: It is the data which is seldom changed. Transaction data: It is the data which is often changed. Organization data: It is a customizing data which is entered in the system when the system is configured and is then rarely changed. System data:It is the data which R/3 system needs for itself.

Q.3 Explain the concept indexes.

Indexes are described as a copy of a database table reduced to specific fields. This data exists in sorted form. This sorting form ease fast access to the field of the tables. In order that other fields are also read, a pointer to the associated record of the actual table are included in the index. The indexes are activated along with the table and are created automatically with it in the database.

Difference between transparent tables and pooled tables.

Transparent tables: Transparent tables in the dictionary has a one-to-one relation with the table in database. Its structure corresponds to single database field. Table in the database has the same name as in the dictionary. Transparent table holds application data. Pooled tables. Pooled tables in the dictionary has a many-to-one relation with the table in database. Table in the database has the different name as in the dictionary. Pooled table are stored in table pool at the database level.

Q.4 What are domains and data element? 

Domains: Domain is the central object for describing the technical characteristics of an attribute of an business objects. It describes the value range of the field. Data Element: It is used to describe the semantic definition of the table fields like description the field. Data element describes how a field can be displayed to end-user.

Q.5 What is an ABAP/4 Query? 

ABAP/4 Query is a powerful tool to generate simple reports without any coding. ABAP/4 Query can generate the following 3 simple reports: Basic List: It is the simple reports. Statistics: Reports with statistical functions like Average, Percentages. Ranked Lists: For analytical reports. - For creating a ABAP/4 Query, programmer has to create user group and a functional group. Functional group can be created using with or without logical database table. Finally, assign user group to functional group. Finally, create a query on the functional group generated.

Q.6 What is BDC programming? 

Transferring of large/external/legacy data into SAP system using Batch Input programming. Batch input is a automatic procedure referred to as BDC(Batch Data Communications). The central component of the transfer is a queue file which receives the data vie a batch input programs and groups associated data into “sessions”.

What are the functional modules used in sequence in BDC?
These are the 3 functional modules which are used in a sequence to perform a data transfer successfully using BDC programming: BDC_OPEN_GROUP - Parameters like Name of the client, sessions and user name are specified in this functional modules. BDC_INSERT - It is used to insert the data for one transaction into a session. BDC_CLOSE_GROUP - This is used to close the batch input session.

Q.7 How to upload data using CATT ? 

These are the steps to be followed to Upload data through CATT: Creation of the CATT test case & recording the sample data input. Download of the source file template. Modification of the source file. Upload of the data from the source file.

What are internal tables?
Internal tables are a standard data type object which exists only during the runtime of the program. They are used to perform table calculations on subsets of database tables and for re-organizing the contents of database tables according to users need.

Q.8 What is ITS?

What are the merits of ITS?- ITS is a Internet Transaction Server. ITS forms an interface between HTTP server and R/3 system, which converts screen provided data by the R/3 system into HTML documents and vice-verse. Merits of ITS: A complete web transaction can be developed and tested in R/3 system. All transaction components, including those used by the ITS outside the R/3 system at run time, can be stored in the R/3 system. The advantage of automatic language processing in the R/3 system can be utilized to language-dependent HTML documents at run time.

Q.9 What is DynPro? 

DynPro is a Dynamic Programming which is a combination of screen and the associated flow logic Screen is also called as DynPro.

Q.10 What are screen painter and menu painter?

  Screen painter: Screen painter is a tool to design and maintain screen and its elements. It allows user to create GUI screens for the transactions. Attributes, layout, filed attributes and flow logic are the elements of Screen painter. Menu painter: Menu painter is a tool to design the interface components. Status, menu bars, menu lists, F-key settings, functions and titles are the components of Menu painters. Screen painter and menu painter both are the graphical interface of an ABAP/4 applications.